پیتل کا بطور زیور استعمال (اسلامی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں ایک تحقیقی مطالعہ)

The Use of Brass as Jewelry: A Research Study in the Light of Islamic Teachings

Abstract

Brass Arabic "al-ṣufr", Urdu "petal" is a yellow-colored alloy composed primarily of copper and zinc. It has been in human use since ancient times due to its strength, durability, and versatility, serving as material for various household, industrial, and ornamental objects. Historical records and Hadith evidence indicate that brass utensils and implements were used during the era of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, affirming its utility and permissibility for general use. However, regarding the use of brass as jewelry, Islamic jurists "fuqahā"ʾ differ in opinion. The majority of scholars from the four major Sunni schools—Ḥanafī, Mālikī, Ḥanbalī, and most Shāfiʿī jurists—consider wearing brass ornaments to be impermissible "ḥarām", for both men and women. Their stance is based on Prophetic traditions discouraging adornment with metals such as iron, brass, and copper, which were described as resembling the ornaments of the people of Hell.In contrast, some Shāfiʿī scholars, including Imām al-Nawawī, permit wearing rings made of metals like iron, reasoning from Hadiths that mention the Prophet ﷺ allowing or wearing such rings himself. Consequently, they infer that brass jewelry may also be permissible, particularly when not used for ostentation or imitation of prohibited forms of adornment. In conclusion, while brass remains a valuable and widely used metal for practical and industrial purposes, the predominant legal opinion among Muslim jurists holds that wearing brass jewelry is impermissible, though a minority allows it based on interpretive leniency within certain Shāfiʿī positions.